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THE BASE OF MEXICO CITY PA

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popular name center of Mexico City. It has been known under the names of main square, Plaza of the Palace, Plaza Mayor, Plaza de Armas and Plaza de la constitución.Constituye the public space of greater significance and importance in the annals of the nation.

The east side is the National Palace, seat of the Executive of the Union and on the north side the Metropolitan Cathedral, the seat of ecclesiastical power. It's where people gather to show their joy or displeasure.

Since prehispanic times manifests its importance as a religious and ceremonial center where they were the main temples and shrines, including the Grand Teocali which was the main building of the Aztecs, known as the Temple colonial Mayor.En when designing the layout of the new city, establishing the Plaza Mayor and starts the Merchant Portal, installing or boxes of clothing stores. In 1551 he promoted the building of the cathedral, in 1695 construction began the Parian which opens in 1703, it became the fashion store which displayed the products carried by Nao galleon and the Philippines.

The Viceroy Conde de Revillagigedo ordered in 1789 the remodeling of the Plaza Mayor and the lifting of the floor, were the Aztec calendar stone archaeological and Cuauhxicalli of Tizoc.

In 1796, the Marquis de Branciforte bequeathed to the city's equestrian statue of Charles IV, by Manuel Tolsá, which was inaugurated by the Viceroy Iturrigaray in 1803, attended by German scientist and traveler Alexander von Humboldt.

Once independence the statue was moved, leaving only the Parian which was burned in 1828, which was finally demolished in 1843 by order of President Santa Anna. The square, free of debris, to decorate it was proposed to the Independence Monument, with the winning project of the architect Lorenzo Hidalgo lifting a foundation or base on which would be erected. From then called the Zócalo to the Plaza de la Constitution.

In 1878 on the base of the monument was installed a kiosk, creating a green space that served as city dwellers walk and a tram station mulas.Al term drawn from the Mexican revolution threw the trees, had grown enormously, providing for the installation of walkways and meadows until fifty gardens are deleted, and is now an outdoor plaza with Metro stations and a giant flagpole.

Curiosity:
built in 1843 in the center of the square a socket to receive a monument to the Independence of Mexico. However, the monument was never built and the base remained stranded in the middle of the square for many years. From expressions such as "see you in the socket", began to confuse the name of the foundation with the square base and the word became synonymous with de facto "central place" and this word exported to other cities in Mexico.

The Metropolitan Cathedral of the Assumption of Mary in Mexico City is the greatest work of colonial architecture in the Americas, stands majestically in the capital's main square, 110 meters long, 59 meters wide and 60 meters to cúpula.Construida over three centuries, with Baroque, Renaissance and neoclassical, Hernán Cortés in 1524 laid the foundation stone at the intersection of roads leading to the spiritual center of the Aztec capital, using as building stones that had formed the Mayor of Great Tempo Tenochtitlán.En 1547 the temple received the Holy See, the dignity of the Cathedral Metropolitana, demolishing the original building in 1552 and placing the foundation stone in 1571 by the Archbishop Pedro Moya and Viceroy Martin Enriquez. In 1623 the vestry is concluded and inaugurated in 1667 at a cost of 1.759 million pesos, financed by King Philip II, Philip III, Philip IV and Charles II.

The exterior of the cathedral not completed until 1813, with the unveiling of the statue made the Valencian architect Manuel Tolsá ( three theological virtues ) Faith, Hope and Charity, found on a plant reloj.Posee cross-shaped, with three main gates to the capital's main square, the center being the Jubilee door is only open on special occasions with five ships and 16 side chapels, altars principales.Destaca plus chorus, richly decorated in Baroque style, with two monumental organs furniture from the Asian colonies of the English Empire, it was manufactured in Macao and the Philippines.

has two levels, high and low for canons and choristers for six (singers psalmists) Special mention the altarpiece of the Kings and the Royal Chapel located behind the main altar. El Altar de los Reyes is in the apse of the temple, behind the altar MayorOtro outstanding altarpiece, located in the central nave, is the Altar of Forgiveness Balbás work of Jerome in 1735 Churrigueresque, covered with gold leaf.

Dome today there is also work Tolsá, octagonal drum, built to cruise on four central columns is topped by a tower of the Cathedral linternilla.Las have a height of 64 meters, each topped with bell-shaped, the two have enough space to house 56 bells, although only been placed thirty. The largest bell weighs about thirteen toneladas.En the east side is the Sagrario Metropolitano gray volcanic rock quarry and baroque facade churrigueresca.Tras several years of work to have been in danger of sinking, the Cathedral has regained its original splendor.

Curiosity:
The Cathedral was built on the place where the Temple stood, during the Aztec Empire to symbolize the change of religious power.

National Palace, a beautiful colonial building is the headquarters of the Federal Executive in Mexico, is located in an area of \u200b\u200b40 000m2, located in the Plaza de la Constitution Center Historic City of Mexico.

On arrival of the English Moctezuma Xocoyotzin inhabited a palace in southern Mexico-Tenochtitlan Templo Mayor, the site now occupied by the Palace Nacional.Hernán Cortés built two palaces, which in 1562 the English Crown purchase of 33 thousand pesos Martín Cortés, son of the conqueror the palace became the new home of the colonial power until 1821, the consummation of the independence of Mexico was renamed Palace Nacional.A 1847, during the U.S. invasion, the U.S. military raised the U.S. flag at the National Palace; while for the French invasion, the Emperor Maximilian of Hapsburg, the name change to Imperial Palace.

Palace underwent major changes under governments of independent Mexico, from Santa Anna to Porfirio Diaz, including Benito Juárez, Lerdo de Tejada and Maximilian himself. In 1850 Gen. Mariano Arista, opens the great cover of the northern Mariana call from then door.

In 1872 during his stays at the palace, the surprise death of Benito Juárez, Porfirio Díaz, in 1886 Dolores Bell installed on the high ledge of the presidential balcony and thereafter has been held since then the anniversary of the Grito de Dolores. All presidents have made some modifications to the building. Between 1929 and 1935, Diego Rivera painted his first mural at the National Palace, extending their work from 1944 to 1952.

Curiosity: The Viceroy's Palace, now the National Palace, was built on the place where was the Palace of Moctezuma Xocoyotzin, during the Aztec Empire to symbolize the change of political power .

Few places contain so much meaning for Mexican culture as Constitution Square, a monumental public space surrounded by some of the most iconic urban landmarks of the city, which together form a square very importante.La Public Plaza of the Constitution of Mexico City, informally Zocalo is the main town square, located in the heart of the area known as the Historical Center or the First Table and considered the center of Mexican national identity, along with the surrounding streets, occupies a rectangular area of \u200b\u200b46800 meters square location having been chosen by the conquerors, to be built on what was once the political and religious center of Tenochtitlan, capital of the Aztec empire.

is surrounded by the Metropolitan Cathedral in the north, the National Palace on the east and the building of the Federal District to the south. During the first 400 years of history of the plaza, were installed and removed numerous times in gardens, monuments, circus, markets, tram routes, sources and other ornaments.

In the 1950's, the square acquired its current look austere, where only kept the flying buttresses and the flagpole. For the first time in four years, the plaza became a clean and clear.

The megalopolis, Mexico, have been formed by the merger of several towns and villages, its origin is called the Historic Center, area occupied by the primitive trace of the city, declared Cultural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO 1987.

The old town of the city, consisting of 668 blocks, currently comprises about 1436 historic buildings spread over 9 km2 of surface, retaining virtually all four roads branching off the center of Tenochtitlan: Tepeyac bound to the north, the west bound Tacuba, Iztapalapa bound for the East and to the South Coyoacán.

In the Historic Center of Mexico City are true architectural gems, many public squares, palaces, temples, museums and markets are fix and have stood the test of time, highlighting the views of Baron Alexander von Humboldt in the first decade of the nineteenth century named it the City of Palaces. Walking toward

the Alameda area, we found the Plaza Tolsá Mining Palace, the beautiful Palacio de Correos, nondescript building elegant and beautiful Palacio de Bellas Artes, one of the most beautiful concert halls in the world with its impressive sculptures and Art Nouveau style in the Art Deco exterior and interior.

Post Palace, built between 1902 and 1907 by Italian Adamo Boari, the builder of the Palace of Fine Arts, has a facade in stone, with Renaissance decorations. His door is chamfered on the corner, covered by a canopy supported by wrought iron and thick chains them stand two balconies. The building's interior is attractive for its space and combination of wrought iron with Carrara marble on the stairs, counters, tables and mailboxes.

The Palace of Fine Arts, is the highest institution of the country's culture, considered the best opera house in Mexico and is the country's largest monument dedicated to the best of fine art in all its manifestations. UNESCO declared artistic monument in 1987. Inside are murals of Jose Clemente Orozco, Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros, among others. It was commissioned by Mexican President Porfirio Diaz at the end of its mandate to celebrate the Centenary of the Start of the Independence of Mexico.

This building houses various stages and practice rooms and art exhibition. Highlights the large auditorium, with seating for 2255 people, and a stage of twenty-four feet long. It is the large fireproof curtain (unique in the world within a theater of operations) with the image of the Mexican volcanoes Popocatepetl and Iztaccihuatl and weighing 24 tons, was commissioned from Tiffany House New York by way of an enormous puzzle, in the ceiling of the room is glass lamp, which was designed by Hungarian Geza Marotti and she represents the Greek god Apollo surrounded by the muses of the arts.

With the laying of the foundation stone, construction began in 1904, but by the revolutionary movement and the departure of the architect who directed it, is suspended and resumed several times over thirty years, until it is finally opened in 1934 with a large gala.

front of the Palacio de Bellas Artes is seen one of the most iconic buildings of the city, the Torre Latinoamericana, the first skyscraper in the city and its time the tallest building in Latin America.

Curiosity:
The main square of Mexico received its present name because it was there New Spain was proclaimed the English constitution, promulgated in 1812, but the name is valid, because now refers to the Constitution of 1857.