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Events 50 ZHEN JIU Other Worlds: Method, Technique ancient China or Science? Events

Image: english.eastday.com http://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historia_de_la_medicina

sixth century BC In the writing of the Tao Te-King the Classic of the Way and Its Power or the Way and Its Virtue ", collection made possible by several people, but mainly attributed to the writings of Lao Tzu, Taoism, developed as a philosophical first and then as a Religion mixed with elements of Confucianism, Buddhism and traditional Chinese religion whose purpose is find the Tao through understanding the nature and achieve immortality, longevity fully- . through the improvement and personal progress through the following basic principles: Respect for and custody of the great nature, non-violence as an objective serenity and harmony as a method, interior and spiritual development of man and the development of a life with vitality and wholeness.

Tao-path or road, intuition, sensitivity, spontaneity and life more abstract sense of right and virtuous, " is the origin of the universe, which is held in an unstable equilibrium -T 'ai Chi- result of two main complementary forces- not opposed or antagonistic- that represent a duality, which symbolically represents the Taijitu: The Yin, literally "dark side" (the land , cold, feminine) -negative force, subtle, moist- and Yang, "bright side" (the sky, the warmth, the masculine) - positive force, concrete, dry- capable of modifying the five elements of the universe is made: water, earth, fire, wood and metal.

Traditional Chinese medicine is emerging as a fundamentally Taoist understanding medicine and the human body in a cosmological concept that determines a disease model based on fundamental breakdown in the balance. Taoist philosophy defining influence on the traditional medicine of China, marked by three legendary figures three legendary emperors: Fuxi, Shennong and Huang Di, the "Yellow Emperor", author of the compendium of medical writings dating back to around 2600 BC, and most representative work of traditional Chinese medicine, the Nei Jing- basic questions of Medicine - divided into simple questions -Su Wen- and spiritual bases Shu-Ling, " to represent one of the pillars of such medicine in the next four millennia.

During the Ming Dynasty- 265-420 - Yang Jizou great editing an encyclopedia, the Zhen Jiu Yi Jing first classical monograph acupuncture, essential part of traditional Chinese medicine, which emerges as a new therapy for pain, anxiety and all kinds of disorders outside the surgery. China Traditional Medicine includes the needle Zhen-Jiu and -moxa- with exercise -Tai-Chi and Chi Kung and proper diet.

Zhen Jiu, is a word that refers to two ancient Chinese therapeutic methods, the Zhen, based on the stimulation of certain points on the skin with needles and Jiu-stimulating fire- points moxibustion. The Zhen Jiu applies East regular- Japan, China, Korea, etc .- to treat a wide variety of diseases, as part of the traditional system of preventive medicine, being first mentioned by the Jesuit missionaries and other travelers in the century XVI and XVII. After the 1911 revolution, the Zhen Jiu is introduced in the West in the name of acupuncture -noun Latin acus, needle and verb, pungere, puncture; from 1930 began to spread, first slowly and then rapidly. Because currently used methods of electrical or chemical stimulation, acupuncture word means any treatment based on Chinese general points, clearing specific technique when not used needles.

vital energy-ch'i or qi- flows through the body along privileged areas of skin, called king, while the energy flows freely health is maintained when the disease appears blocked, the treatment ends when the vital flow reaches an optimal level. The king, known as meridians or channels of communication channels, corresponding to an external energy path -by- subcutaneous tissue and one domestic route that goes to each organ involved. Chinese medicine describes five bodies, heart, lung, spleen, liver, kidney-, seven bowels -gall bladder, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, bladder- and three foci or areas of overheating. In total identifies twelve channels that correspond to the human body's vital organs: lungs, large intestine, small intestine, spleen, pancreas, heart, kidneys, bladder, cardiovascular, gallbladder, liver, spleen conception (in the body midline frontal), governing vessel (in the dorsal body midline) and triple heater.

on the path of the meridians are located approximately points of entry and exit points or power-xue resonators in Chinese which when stimulated, disturbed energy balance in the body that governs it, redirecting the qi. Acupuncture involves inserting one or more needles of different sizes and types, at specific points of the human body until 2000 -xue- to prevent and treat disease. These acupuncture points can also be stimulated with heat- moxibustion- cold, ultrasound, digital and laser pressure to produce therapeutic results. The way is always cutting to the Yin Yang, top to bottom, left to right, front to back, penetrating the needle more or less profound depending on the disease.

addition, each ear has 120 acupuncture points, which have specific therapeutic properties, which allows, through the Ear, stimulate specific body through the autonomic nervous system. In the ear reflex zones schematically represent the body of an inverted fetus: Corresponding spine to outer rim of the ear, the abdomen inside the ear and head for the earlobe.

According to its advocates acupuncture is appropriate for the treatment of a wide range of conditions, it is virtually painless -light cramps in the imposition of hands, " is a powerful and rapid anesthetic -confirmed its successful application as surgical anesthesia, so has wide application in the treatment of pain, the necessary equipment is inexpensive and the treatment is simple, implementation is relatively easy and by no means painful, is a highly efficient method with which satisfactory results are achieved in a relatively short, carrying no complications or side effects.

Hospital University of Traditional Medicine of Tian Jin China reported as most frequently treated diseases -in descending order: " acute and chronic pain, dysfunctional diseases such as asthma, rhinitis, gastritis, disorders secondary to psychiatric disorders, smoking, addictions a sedative, venous insufficiency and facial paralysis. Where have achieved the most surprising results are headaches, muscle aches, stomach ailments, eye and ear, sinusitis, kidney problems, hemorrhoids and rheumatism. Is also indicated in sexual impotence, inflammation and some infections.

According to the protocols of evidence-based medicine is effective in the treatment of pain in pregnant women, nausea, back pain and above all, for most chronic pain. However there is insufficient evidence to determine whether acupuncture is effective in other diseases. The argument put forward against pointing acupuncture to hypnosis and suggestion has been completely refuted.

The technique of acupuncture is safe, so it must be performed by qualified personnel, using precautions in medical emergencies, surgical diseases, malignant tumors and bleeding disorders. As a relatively novel lends itself to quackery, exploitation and deceit. Medical Association endorsed the United States in 1998, concluding that it may be beneficial in some diseases, but should not be ruled out the placebo effect, therefore is located in the West as a treatment option indicated for a specific range of ailments.

For some time, acupuncture fell into decay and was almost forgotten and neglected in official and scientific, generating two types of doctors, the traditional that drew on ancient texts say that acupuncture applied regulates the energy flow within the system movement of the body and through them influences the meridians, and physicians scientific school postulate that acupuncture is transmitted via the nervous system, peripheral nerves - achieving its purpose by the cutaneous and visceral way, possibly transmitted via humoral and inhibiting the thalamus -neural structure is in the center of the brain, having a relay function in the cerebral cortex and plays an active role in the process of information- through the medial lemniscus- via myelinated sensory nerve fibers that transmit signals upstream somatic of the spinal medulla to reach the thalamus, or spinothalamic -sensitive pathway that leads up or pulse pressure, touch and pain sensation.

The exact mechanism of the functioning of acupuncture is unknown, it is known to act on the nervous system, stimulating the activity of analgesic substances -endorphins and immune-system cells in some parts of organism, altering brain chemistry by changing the release of neurotransmitters and hormones.

Currently, acupuncture is offered as health provision in national health systems of China, Vietnam and Cuba, as well as maps are drawn with corresponding points of animals, veterinary and experimental.

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Cuba is a better country than the United States, according to Global Peace Index 2009 Article frontally

The report assesses levels of democracy, political instability, public corruption, education, property, crime and respect for human rights, among other indicators in 144 nations


Alejandro Ruiz

Las agencias internacionales de noticias han destacado esta semana la publicación, por tercer año consecutivo, del Índice Global de Paz (IGP). El informe fue presentado en Londres por el Instituto de Economía y Paz, y revela que la crisis económica capitalista mundial ha incrementado los conflictos violentos, la inestabilidad política y la violación de los derechos humanos en la mayoría de los países.

"Existe una correlación clara entre la crisis económica y el deterioro de la situación de paz", señaló Clyde McConaghy, del Instituto de Economía y Paz, al dar known figures of the study. Other causes include the resurgence of violent conflicts in some countries and the consequences of the soaring price of food and fuel in 2008 (IPS Agency, 03/06/2009).

The Global Peace Index 2009 , which was also submitted on Friday 5 June at the UN headquarters in New York, evaluates 23 qualitative and quantitative indicators in 144 nations, including: levels of democracy, instability politics, public corruption, education, property, crime and respect for human rights (See http://www.visionofhumanity.org/gpi ). The

countries considered in greater peace and stability are New Zealand, ranked No. 1, followed by Denmark, Norway, Iceland (2008, ranked first) and Austria.

The last four countries in the ranking are closely related to U.S. policy: Iraq, where 144, Afghanistan (143), Somalia (142) and Israel (141), preceded Sudan (140). In the Americas the first place is Chile and the latter is Colombia.

Although the IGP is geared primarily to show the relationship between economic prosperity and peace, according to political parameters, cultural, social and economic representative of Western society, the report can not hide the wear and tear most of the countries amid the current capitalist crisis.

But a fact that no mention of the major news media is that, even with some of these indicators adopted biased and convenience, the Global Peace Index 2009 shows that Cuba is a better country than the United States. The Caribbean island is ranked 68, while the U.S. giant is at position 83 of the ranking.

With all that in the paper include subjective criteria such as press freedom, political pluralism, economic welfare, freedom of the private sector, importance of religion, respect Human rights, Cuba clearly outperforms the United States.

This difference is most valuable if we note that the assessment has a prominent organizations, analysts and characters that no one can accuse of communist or socialist, as Amnesty International, Columbia University, transnational entrepreneurs Richard Branson, Ted Turner and George Russell (founder of CNN ). And also the Nobel Peace Prize, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, the religious leader Dalai Lama, former U.S. President Jimmy Carter and former UN secretary general, Kofi Annan.

The report shows some interesting numbers. Indicators "Political Participation" and "political culture" is twice as good for the United States on Cuba, but U.S. participation in the elections only 60% of voters, not to mention never vote 25% of non-registered, while in Cuba, 96% of all voters, in addition to discussions and assemblies. In Cuba, the National Parliament elections take place every five years and local governments every 2 to 3 years, and exercised the right to vote from the 16-year-old with tiny abstention.

Another fact of political participation. The percentage of women in parliament is 17% U.S., New Zealand, which holds first place in the IGP, is 34%, in Cuba is 43%.

The "Perception of crime in society" is an indicator that, oddly, is the same in New Zealand (country better placed), in the U.S. and Cuba. It is known that the U.S. is alarming crime wave, but not in New Zealand and Cuba. However, the report acknowledges that the "level of violent crime is higher in New Zealand and the U.S., in Cuba.

In "Respect for human rights," the IGP, the U.S. and Cuba are in the same range. That is, if someone condemnation of Cuba in this aspect should also condemn the United States. Of course, the criteria for such respect is very different from reality.

As noted, New Zealand is ranked No. 1 in the study as the best country, but Cuba's literacy (99.8%) slightly exceeds the indicators and the U.S.. They are also better indicators of infant mortality in Cuba, just 5.0 per 1,000 live births in unemployment (1.6%) and the Gini coefficient (30). In all three countries life expectancy is very similar: 79.9 years New Zealand, the USA 77.8 years, and 78.0 years Cuba.

One thing more. The primary school enrollment rate is 96.6% in Cuba and only 91.6% in the U.S..

For any consideration of this report as advertised, it must know that the Global Peace Index is calculated by a global network of country analysts, NGOs and people that do this work for the Institute for Economics and Peace, a think tank dedicated to examining the relationship between economic development, private sector and peace.
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Other Worlds 49 The Bund and the BAQUINÍ: mortuary Alegre

Images: The Wake of Oller, cafeag3.blogspot.com

demosófico folklore refers to the celebrations, local foods and crafts, made at community by a group of individuals who form a political unity with the folklore literary, musical and geographical coverage is responsible for knowing the proper way of thinking and acting of a people, their customs and traditions, including all applications relating to ceremonies Funeral of religion and tradition mortuary, which are studied by the branch of anthropology, called mortuary. As in West Africa, the Afro in the Caribbean and the Pacific coast of Colombia, are accompanied with lively music and explosive drum, marimba and rattles, each of the cycles of life: They celebrate life, dance and singing dismissing the dead, keeping African survivals evident in the alternation responsorial solo and chorus monophonic or polyphonic. The peoples of African descent

generated a process of syncretism in their celebrations, combining their African origin with Catholic saints. Ritual ceremonies which include burial practices have a strong magical and religious background, like the songs of lumbalú of funereal ritual, evoking the origins of Angola, the birthplace of many early Maroons - runaway slaves from their masters, "proclaiming the death, to convene the community to wake, followed by the singing-crying responsorial. During the lumbalú women dance with tiny steps around the body. Other songs are the harvests burial, without any instrumental accompaniment, where one voice sings a story, verse, phrase or prayer that evoke the memory of a deceased and the mourners coupled choir responds with comments or chorus; and singing Funeral interpreted a capella or with a simple accompaniment of drumbeats that are used in the ritual context of the burials or funerals of relatives.

In some American communities, the black people transcend African customs, making death a reason to express their intense spirituality from singing and dancing of course. For example, at the wake of adults in the Colombian Pacific coast, is used Alabao, which is essentially a choral song of praise or glorification religious offerings to the saints, with the elapse of time was extended to the funeral context, interpreting it without instruments, highlighting the emphasis chanted -own exaltations Christian, " the themes sometimes depart from the religious context and highlight aspects profane the funeral type Alabao interchangeably combine passages referring to the deceased's life and mystical exhortations.

In the Colombian department of Cordoba there is a funeral rite that is named "Dead Alegre." It begins with a strange request that makes the sick and in agony: Requests to be buried dead happy. We put together a special drawer side tables of different thicknesses so that when it hit emit different sounds. The deceased is trapped inside the box from the men at the feet with rags, freeing the head Wade hit in the side of the box. The boots of the dead begin the march to the cemetery with irregular steps, such as limping, so that the head of the dead, in a syncopated, patter happily with the drawer. The dead also danced in some regions of Venezuela, Cuba and Haiti, as a mortuary ritual is performed in public for the burial of the deceased.

In the region of Barquisimeto-Lara, Venezuela- is performed funeral rites "last night" that expresses the diversity of cultural values \u200b\u200bof those people. In Puerto Cabello -Carabobo, Venezuela- associated with symbolic elements of Afro-Caribbean roots and culture, with native rites and European traditions of death during the carnival takes place the "dance of the swing", which commemorates the transfer of sick and burial of the dead, holding vigil, traveled , drama and burial. A drum beat, horns and charrasca - horns are a short walk from the hammock by the community, where someone cries, He's dead! And everyone responds to bury her there! leaving the hammock surrounded by candles, until the next day, they drew the neighborhood and walk the streets of Puerto Cabello. Women- -colored dresses , while singing, dancing joyfully while carrying and around the hammock, inviting men to dance. During the funeral procession, women cry for the dead, awakening a fit of jealousy, suffering a black, to "discover" the infidelity of his wife precisely with the dead.

Alabao Unlike adults, in the funerals of children, the songs are lively. The funeral rites of the Afro dedicated to children under seven years is jubilant, because for the descent, the infant death becomes an angel from heaven. The songs are driven by percussion and clapping, lively music and dance. In Colombia, according to the geographic location of communities, these rites are called Bund, or mampulorio chigualo. Other names are representative Guali, bailao angel, happy and wake dead angel. In Barlovento, Venezuela is known as mampulorio and chigualo; in Ecuador says wake of an angel and the Dominican Republic, Haiti and Cuba, the wake of an angel is called baquiní, in Puerto Rico was known as a child or party baquiné dead.

occasion of the sale of slaves to the American plantations, docked at the ports, Portuguese galleons with cargoes of slaves captured in different sub-Saharan tribes, the majority population of Congo and Angola Bantu language with them came the Arara and mine brought Ghana; Carabalis and lucumi of the Yoruba language of Nigeria and to a lesser extent, jobs-barbarian, Biafra, Xango, Nagôs and Mandingo. One of the more defined traits are manifest in African ritual chants associated with the mortuary and dead balls, concentrations of black and wild rangers who were the runaway in Colombia, Venezuela cumbes or Rochela and quilombos in Brazil terms that could be treated as a synonym for "black dance." Many of the Maroons were fleeing from Curacao or other Antillean islands. The lumbalú, singing of death or mourning, is the core language that enabled communities to preserve African traditions.
From the point of view of the mortuary Palenquera -the runaway black populations were fugitives during the English colony settled in the Colombian Pacific coast, dances or dance wake the dead with a touch of drum, known as Alabao and wake of an angel, characterized by their rich content ceremonial rhythms associated currulao -tune Colombian Pacific-type and styles funeral corresponding Bund, regardless of the region concerned (chigualo south-central Pacific coast Guali- north-central and mampulorio- Windward under a year-) funerea with children.

The bunde is a funeral rite, a form of worship of the dead, in which the pain of losing a loved one is becoming a cause for joy, joy because of the entry of the soul of the child died in the spirit realm. Its origin is the "Wunder" of Sierra Leone and spread among the Afro-Colombian Pacific coast. Is an expression of the funeral rites and the kids running in the backyard while the adults are dealing with mortuary ritual itself, a capella, in a voice and chorus, accompanied by clapping. When resort to tired -involved games all present- of funerals, which are substantial in the novena and consists of singing, clapping, riddles in circles of women and men, the rest sing.

The Yoruba baquiní is a custom originating in the coast of Nigeria in West Africa, keep a very close relationship with certain cult funeral observable among black farmers in Jamaica. It is a form of sung rosary to be held on the occasion of the death of a child of color -white when the deceased is called rosette- is a religious ceremony celebrating the start of a happy infant, which him free from misery of this earthly world, so you can share with their ancestors in a harmonious spirit world, making it an angel in heaven, which is in direct sacred resource for family and community. It is developed with a group of people dancing and chanting responsariales. The boy was dressed in white, lying on a table covered with white sheets, very clean, and decorated with flowers from head to toe, while starting a farewell musical with songs and drums, followed by games, food and drink.